27 It is more difficult for today’s athletes__________.
28 We don’t know if there is a limit__________.
29 Research has helped coaches__________.
30 Scientific advances are suspected__________.
A.to avoid psychological techniques__________.
B.to break records
C.to better understand the athlete’s body and mind
D.to time and space
E.to be replacing the sporting challenge
F.to human performance
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Is the Tie a Necessity？
Ties， or neckties， have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So， are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties？
Maybe. Last week， the UK’s Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginabl
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e even in the recent past.
For some more conservative British， the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier， Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan， the tile was a sign of being complete， of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church， to work in the office， to a party - almost every social occasion.
But today， people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.
The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a “band”。 The term could mean anything around a man’s neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰）impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him.
It wasn’t， however， until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful， flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then， clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer’s membership in the late 19th century. After that， the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.
But now， even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway， the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.
31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except
A.respect
B.elegance
C.politeness
D.democracy
32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie？
A.Because he wants to make a show
B.Because he wants to attract attention.
C.Because ties are costly.
D.Because he wants to live in a casual way.
33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion？
A.Going to church.
B.Going to work in the office.
C.Staying at home.
D.Going to a party.
34 Who brought the Frenchmen’s neckwear to Britain？
A.Tony Blair.
B.Charles ll.
C.Jim Callaghan.
D.Andrew Turnbull.
35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly？
A.After the late 19th century.
B.In the 1630s.
C.In 1660.
D.In the late 18th century.
第二篇
Where Have All the Frogs Gone？
In the 1980s， scientists around the world began to notice something strange： Frogs were disappearing. More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians （两栖动物） are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are they dying out now？
Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all， amphibians are an important source of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians， scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research could lead to many more discoveries， but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear.
The most se
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rious aspect of amphibian loss， however， goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians， is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well？
Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat， the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions， they will not lay their eggs. These days， as wild areas are covered with houses， roads， farms， or factories， many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example， the arroyo toad （蟾蜍） of southern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in southern California， and those streams are often muddy because of building projects. Not surprisingly， the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction.
There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas， air pollution has poisoned the rain， which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas， the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet （UV） light. This endangers amphibians， which seem to be especially sensitive to UV light. And finally， scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world.
All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land， the pollution of the air and the water， the changes in our atmosphere， the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings， too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental change. Perhaps they are like the canary （金丝雀） bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect poisonous gases. When the canary became ill or died， the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger.
36 Losing amphibians means losing
A.knowledge about fatal human diseases.
B.knowledge about air and water pollution.
C.a chance to discover new medicines.
D.an opportunity to detect poisonous gases.
37 Amphibians lay their eggs
A.in any stream they can find，
B.in places without UV light，
C.only on sand.
D.only in the right conditions
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