29.Two main groups of immunity are _____.
30.Natural or artificial means acquire _____.
A.inherited immunity and acquired immunity
B.the antigen is introduced into the body
C.acquired immunity
D.specified immunity
E.antigens vary in their chemical structure.
F.The kind of antigen that caused its production and no other
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每道题确定一个最佳选项。
第一篇
Blood Test May Detect Cancer Early
A new blood test may someday make it possible for doctors to diagnose cancer even before a patient develops symptoms.
The new test, developed by Dr Jonathan W. Uhr of the University of Texas and his colleagues, is so sensitive that it can detect one cancer cell in a milliliter of blood.
“Cancer cells are shed from a primary tumor early in the life history of the tumor,” Uhr explained. “The shedding of these cells can be used as a screening test, potentially, for early tumors.”
To identify epithelial cells ---- cells associated with 80% of cancers ---- among other cells in the blood, Uhr’s team mixed iron particles into blood samples. The particles were coated with substances that react with epithelial cells and caused them to separate from red and white blood cells. Then, under a laser beam, epithelial cells appeared to be a different color from other blood cells, and the researchers could count them using a microscope.
Uhr and his colleagues used this method to test blood from 30 patients with breast cancer, 3 patients with prostate cancer, and 13 healthy subjects. Samples from cancer patients showed significantly more epithelial cells than samples from healthy subjects. The research team found epithelial cells even in most cases of early disease, including samples from 12 of the 14 patients whose breast cancer had not spread beyond the breast.
In a separate study, the investigators tested blood samples from eight patients with breast cancer, at various intervals over 1 to 10 months. It showed that the number of cancer cells is the blood fell or disappeared during chemotherapy and rose again if tumors grew again.
“At this time, we believe the most important test of the usefulness of our method is to screen for early detection of cancers in the general population,” Uhr’s group concluded.
“Another objective would be to be able to predict,” said Uhr. “We want to be able to determine when these tumor cells in the blood are aggressive, and treatment is needed, versus when this is a shedding that is harmless. But it will take many, many years and many patients to determine that.”
31.Dr. Uhr’s new test can be used to find the number of
A.iron particles in a blood sample.
B.epithelial cells in a blood sample.
C.blood cells in a blood sample.
D.tumors in a human body.
32.Uhr’s team mixed iron particles into blood samples
A.to identify red blood cells. www.lexue88.com
B.to separate epithelial cells from red and white blood cells.
C.to identify white blood cells.
D.to identify the color of cancers.
33.In another study, Dr. Uhr and his colleagues found that the patients’ epithelial cells
A.would increase if these patients’ condition turned better.
B.would decrease if these patients’ condition turned better.
C.didn’t change in number.
D.had nothing to do with chemotherapy.
34.For Dr. Uhr and his colleagues, at present, it is most important to
A.detect breast cancer among women.
B.detect prostate cancer among men.
C.detect cancers in their early stage among people in general.
D.find out how many people have been screened for possible cancers.
35.What Dr. Uhr said indicates that he and his colleagues are not sure yet
A.how to kill aggressive tumor cells.
B.how to tell an aggressive tumor cell from a harmless shedding.
C.if aggressive tumor cells exist.
D.if their method is useful.
第二篇
Do Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?
Earlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or less to researching his surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they don't necessarily look for information that would address their concerns.
In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeon or primary care doctor, whoever those individuals happen to me.
I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. "There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons," he told me.
There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. "Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports, Dr. Russell continued, and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happiness and parents have to be educated and must understand what is going on.
In other words, a healthy doctor - patient relation dose not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors， their illness and their treatment.
"If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the U.S.," Dr. Russell said, "everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professional, lawyers, pharmaceutical companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient."
Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power.
36.Patients do not seem to spend enough time
A.researching job changes.
B.researching new cars.
C.researching their surgery or surgeons.
D.researching the American College of Surgeons.
37.It appears that patients nowadays have
A.little trust in their doctors
B.too much trust in their doctors
C.too much information about their doctors.
D.a healthy relationship with their doctors.
38.The most important role in medicine and surgery should be played
A.by pharmaceutical and insurance companies.
B.by doctors and nurses.
C.by lawyers.
D.by patients.
39.It's a mistaken idea that a healthy doctor-patient relationship
A.is a goal that can be achieved.
B.is what the patient desires.
C.is dependent just on the doctor. www.lexue88.com
D.also entails efforts made by the patient
40.The author does NOT believe in
A.Francis Bacon.
B.blind trust.
C.scientific data.
D.the power of knowledge.
第三篇
Where the Jobs Are
Over the past twenty years, many kinds of American small businesses have been growing very fast. They have gradually replaced the millions of jobs which many large companies lost at their hard times. Today small companies employ more than 45 million people in the U.S. This creates more than 66 percent of all the new jobs and accounts for 39 percent of the total national product.
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