句子成分
用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 Who which 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征．品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。 (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？） ３．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构 (1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。 (2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. （这是她曾今照顾的孩子。） 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间．地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因 That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。 三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．二者差异比较 限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。 2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 (1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如： This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.. 四、As在定语从句中的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 （１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 （２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如： The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. (３）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。 2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expected, the England team won the football match. 五、英语定语从句专项练习 单项填空 1．I think you’re got to the point_______ a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail. A. when B. that C. where D. which 2．The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A. when B. that C. in which D. on which 3．Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger. A. that B. by which C. which D. in which 4．There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 5．______ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 6．______ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress. A.It B.As C.That D.What 7．There are many people_________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails. A.who B.that C.which D.whose 8．EBay,Amazon and WalMart are popular websites_______people can sell goods to each other. A.where B.which C.when D.whose 9．On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _____he believes that he can go to the wild. A.which B.from what C.through which D.that 10．I hope________the little _____I have been able to do has been of some use. A.that;that B./;by which C.what;what D./;with which 11．The farmers use wood to build a house______to store grains all the year around. A.with which B.to which C.which D.in which 12．This was a film_________ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys. A.which B.when C.in which D.there 13．The thought of going home to his family was allkept him happy while he was working abroad. A.that B.what C.those D.which 14．A container weighs more after air is put in_____proves that air has weight. A.as B.it C.that D.which 15．—Can you tell me where Peter lives? —Over there.The two storey house, _____there is a garden. A.near it B.from which C.in front of it D.in front of which 16．Miss Green took up the story at the point______the thief had just made off with the jewels. A.where B.which C.as D.when 17．—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else_______ ,is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 18．The year before last,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _____effects the people are still suffering. A.that B.whose C.those D.what 19．Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, ___ as the name suggests,eating doesn’t take much time. A.who B.where C.which D.what 20．Later I want to return home but couldn’t find a company ________I could use_____I had learnt. A.where;that B.where;what C.when;what D.that;that 21．Government reports,legal papers and most business letters are the main situations ________ English is used. A.when B.that C.how D.where 22．We hope the measures to control house prices，__________ are taken by the government，will succeed. A.as B.when C.since D.after 23．The boy the teachers considered _______ failed in the final exam, surprised them very much. A.to be the best；which B.as the best student；that C.to have been studying well；it D.such as a good student；which 24．The president,together with his bodyguards, _______ to the nuclear station _______ there was an accident 20 minutes ago. A.have come；which B.came；in which C.has come；where D.come；in which 25．Is there a gas station around____________________ I can get some petrol? A.which B.what C.where D.that 26．There was_________ time________ I hated to go to school. A.a；that B.a；when C.the；that D.the；when 27．It was in the very house _______ was built with stones _______ he spent his childhood. A.that；that B.that；where C.which；that D.which；where 28．These wild flowers are so special I would do ______I_______ them. A.what；can save B.all what；can to save C.what；can to save D.everything；can save 29．I shall never forget those years _______I lived in the country with farmers,________has a great effect on my life. A.that；which B.when；which C.which；that D.when；who 30.Just like a voyage at sea,our life journey, _______ days are limited,is full of difficulties. A. that B. which C. it D. whose 高中总复习英语定语从句专项练习卷参考答案 1．答案：C 解析：where在此处引导定语从句。 2．答案：B解析：本题考查定语从句。that引导的定语从句又在从句中作spend的宾语。 3．答案：D 解析：由四个选项知该空格应填入定语从句的引导词，此句意义为：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，所以先行词scene应该与介词in搭配。 4．答案：A 解析：关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰trousers，并在定语从句中作地点状语。全句意思为：在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹。 5．答案：D 解析：从句意看，本题考查定语从句的用法，故首先排除C项。由于when在定语从句中只能作时间状语，而题干中的定语从句缺主语，因而排除B项；as与which引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，其中as表示“正如……那样”。as is often the case为固定词组，意为“这是常用的事；正如常见的情形”。全句意思为“正如平常一样，我们已经制订出了工作计划”。最佳答案D。 6．答案：B 解析：由题干的结构及内容看，逗号之前，应为非限制性定语从句，故选B项。全句意思为：“正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判取得了进展。”若选A项，此句应为：It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two...若选D项，此句应为：What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two... 7．答案：D 解析：whose谁的，“有许多人，他们的上网活动只是发送和接收电子邮件。” 8．答案：A解析：考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。 9．答案：C解析：考查定语从句。through为介词提前，构成go to the wild through...。 10．答案：A解析：句子成分分析。第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导定语从句，修饰the little。 11．答案：D解析：考查定语从句和省略。句中省略了they want;in which引导定语从句在从句中作地点状语。 12．答案：C解析：“在这部电影中”斯皮尔伯格用了真实的演员而不是玩具，故用in which引导定语从句。 13．答案：A 解析：考查定语从句。all 为先行词，关系代词用that。 14．答案：D解析：考查非限制性定语从句； which引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整句话的意义。 15．答案：D解析：考查非限制性定语从句。in front of which“在……的前面”。 16．答案：A解析：考查定语从句。where引导定语从句修饰先行词 at the point。 17．答案：B解析：考查定语从句及省略。完整形式为： There is no one else (that/who)she can turn to;turn to sb.求助于某人。 18．答案：B解析：题意是“前年，东南亚部分地区遭遇了洪水灾害，至今人们还在受此影响”。由题中的逗号可以判定出句子的后半部分是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是floods。从句子的结构可看出，定语从句中只缺少定语，也就是说，先行词在从句中充当定语，所以引导词要用whose。 19．答案：B解析：本题考查定语从句；where引导定语从句，又在从句中作地点状语。 20．答案：B解析： where引导定语从句,what引导宾语从句。“在公司里我可以用到我所学的知识”。 21．答案：D解析：where引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于in which。 22．答案：A解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，并在定语从句中作主语。 23．答案：A解析：后半句为非限制性定语从句，which指代前一分句的内容consider sb to be。 24．答案：C解析：含有 together with的介词短语只对主语起补充说明作用，对谓语动词不产生任何影响。where引导定语从句，where在从句中作状语。 25．答案：C解析：本题考查定语从句。关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语。本句中around作定语修饰a gas station。 26．答案：B 解析：本题考查冠词和定语从句的用法。time作“次数”解时，后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，即：This/It is the first/second...time that+从句；time作“一段时光（时期）”解时，其前用不定冠词，其后接关系副词when引导的定语从句，构成：There was/is a time when...。故选B。全句意思为：有这么一段时间，我不想去上学。 27．答案：A 解析：第二空是强调句型，强调的是状语in the very house。house后是定语从句，从句缺少主语，用that或which引导；由于house前有the very修饰，故只能用that引导。 28．答案：C 解析：在sb.do what one can to do结构中what one can是宾语从句，what后不可再使用关系代词；在sb.do everything/all(that)one can to do中，that one can是定语从句，该从句中只能使用关系代词that，everything/all that等于what；在以上结构中can后省略了动词do，动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 29．答案：B 解析：第一个定语从句缺时间状语，因此第一空应该使用关系副词when；第二个定语从句缺主语，关系代词指代前面整句话，因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。 30．答案：D解析：考查定语从句。whose引导非限制性定语从句，whose指代our life journey，在从句中作定语修饰days。tag: 高中英语 ， 高三英语教学设计，高三英语教学设计大全，教学设计 - 英语教学设计 - 高三英语教学设计